Porcine sapelovirus 1

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Porcine sapelovirus 1 (PSV-1; formerly porcine enterovirus 8) belongs to the species Porcine sapelovirus A (formerly known as Porcine sapelovirus). PSV-1 also contains the antigenic variants PEV-8a, PEV-8b and PEV-8c. If it were to be shown that the former 8a, 8b and/or 8c were serotypically (and/or genetically) distinct from the classical PSV strains then new types could then be created.

A virus recently isolated from wild boar in Japan (Gifu virus; Abe et al., 2011) clearly belongs to PSV-1 (as currently defined) having the closest VP1 relationship to PSV-1 Sek 1562/98 (AY392556) - 16.1% nt difference (Table 1; Fig. 1).

It has been reported that porcine sapelovirus 1 uses α2,3-linked sialic acid on GD1a ganglioside as a receptor (Kim et al., 2016).

Table 1. VP1 percentage nucleotide differences between PSV-1 isolates.

	V13	16-S-X	26-T-XII	Po 5116	Sek 1562/98	Gifu virus
PSV-1 V13 (AF406813)	0.0	19.5	20.2	20.8	21.1	20.9
PSV-1 16-S-X (AY392543)	19.5	0.0	19.9	23.6	24.4	24.7
PSV-1 26-T-XII (AY392544)	20.2	19.9	0.0	24.7	23.6	23.9
PSV-1 Po 5116 (AY392538)	20.8	23.6	24.7	0.0	12.5	16.8
PSV-1 Sek 1562/98 (AY392556)	21.1	24.4	23.6	12.5	0.0	16.1
PSV-1 Gifu virus (AB619806)	20.9	24.7	23.9	16.8	16.1	0.0

Fig. 1. Neighbor-joining tree showing the relationships between the VP1s of PSV-1 isolates using the matrix shown in Table 1.

References

Abe, M., Ito, N., Sakai, K., Kaku, Y., Oba, M., Nishimura, M., Kurane, I., Saijo, M., Morikawa, S., Sugiyama, M. and Mizutani, T. (2011). A novel sapelovirus-like virus isolation from wild boar. Virus Genes 43: 243-248. Epub 2011 Jun 4.

Kim, D.S., Son, K.Y., Koo, K.M., Kim, J.Y., Alfajaro, M.M., Park, J.G., Hosmillo, M., Soliman, M., Baek, Y.B., Cho, E.H., Lee, J.H., Kang, M.I., Goodfellow, I. and Cho, K.O. (2016). Porcine sapelovirus uses α2,3-linked sialic acid on GD1a ganglioside as a receptor. J. Virol. 90: 4067-4077.