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Tremovirus A (formerly named Avian encephalomyelitis virus) is a single species in the genus Tremovirus. It consists of a single virus avian encephalomyelitis virus. The complete genome of avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) has been determined (Marvil et al., 1999). This revealed AEV to be a member of the Picornaviridae and consequently it is the first avian picornavirus for which the genome has been sequenced. Excluding the poly(A) tail the genome comprises 7,032 nucleotides, which is shorter than that of any mammalian picornavirus sequenced to date. An open reading frame commencing at nucleotide 495 and terminating at position 6896 (6402 nucleotides) potentially encodes a polyprotein of 2134 amino acids. The polyprotein sequence has 39% overall amino acid identity with hepatitis A virus (HAV; genus Hepatovirus), compared to 19-21% for viruses from the other five picornavirus genera. Eleven cleavage products were predicted. The highest identity (49%) with HAV was in the P1 region, encoding the capsid proteins. The 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) comprise 494 and 136 nucleotides, respectively. The 5’ UTR is the shortest of any picornavirus sequenced to date and, unlike HAV, it does not contain a long polypyrimidine tract. EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ accession no. AJ225173 The species Avian encephalomyelitis virus consists of a single serotype now named avian encephalomyelitis virus 1 (AEV-1). Host range: AEV infects chickens, Japanese quail, turkeys, pheasants (Welchman et al., 2009) and pigeons (Toplu and Alcigir, 2004). Ducklings, partridges (Bodin et al., 1981) and guinea fowl are susceptible to experimental infection. Symptons: ataxia and tremor of the head, neck, and limbs. News Jan/Feb 2004: Two more complete genome sequences have recently become available, one a strain from China (LSZ; AY275539) and the other the van Roekel strain (VR; AY517471). These viruses have been sequenced at the National Key Laboratory of Veterinary, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, China. ReferencesBodin, G., Pellerin, J.L., Milon, A., Geral, M.F., Berthelot, X. and Lautie, R. (1981). Étude de la contamination expérimentale du gibier à plumes (faisans, perdrix rouges, perdrix grises) par le virus de l’encéphalomyélite infectieuse aviaire. Revue Médicine Véterinaire 132: 805-816. Marvil, P., Knowles, N.J., Mockett, A.M.A., Britton, P., Brown, T.D.K. and Cavanagh, D. (1999). Avian encephalomyelitis virus is a picornavirus and is most closely related to hepatitis A virus. Journal of General Virology 80: 653 662. Toplu, N. and Alcigir, G. (2004). Avian encephalomyelitis in naturally infected pigeons in Turkey. Avian Pathology 33: 381-386.
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