The
Picornavirus
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Unassigned
  In the proposed reorganisation of the genus Megrivirus it is planned to abolish the species Melegrivirus A and to create five new species, "Megrivirus A", "Megrivirus B", "Megrivirus C", "Megrivirus D" and "Megrivirus E".

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Melegrivirus A is the type species in the genus Megrivirus. This species is comprised of turkey hepatitis virus 1 (THV-1).

Melegrivirus A1 (MeV-A1) (Turkey hepatitis virus; THV-1)

A novel picornavirus has recently been identified as the probable cause of hepatitis in turkeys (Honkavuori et al., 2011). Turkey hepatitis virus 1 has a genome of >9,040 nt and a predicted polyprotein of 2,813 aa making it the longest picornavirus genome so far described. The 5' (461 nt) and 3' (173 & 136 nt) UTRs were incomplete.

Similar partial genome sequences (partial 3D and 3' UTR) have recently been detected in turkeys and chickens (Farkas et al., 2012). These sequences show the 3' UTR of THV to be 641-654 nt in length, the longest picornavirus 3' UTR so far described.

Chicken picornavirus 4, described by Lau et al. (2014), shares 89.5%, 96.3% and 98% amino acid identity with THV-1 in the P1, 2BC and 3BCD proteins.

Viral Hepatitis of Turkeys (Merck Veterinary Manual).

Genome organisation:

VPg+5'UTRIRES-IVB[1AB-1C-1D/2A1-2A2-2A3-2A4H-box/NC-2B-2C/3A-3BVPg-3Cpro-3Dpol][ORF2?]3'UTR-poly(A)

Melegrivirus A2 (MeV-A2) Duck megrivirus (DuMV)

A megri-like virus has been found in ducks in China (Liao et al. 2014).

Genome organisation

VPg+5'UTRIRES-IVB[1AB-1C-1D/2A1-2A2-2A3H-box/NC-2B-2C/3A-3BVPg-3Cpro-3Dpol]3'UTR-poly(A)


References

Farkas, T., Fey, B., Hargitt, E. 3rd., Parcells, M., Ladman, B., Murgia, M. and Saif, Y. (2012). Molecular detection of novel picornaviruses in chickens and turkeys. Virus Genes 44: 262-272. Epub 2011 Dec 13.

Honkavuori, K.S., Shivaprasad, H.L., Briese, T., Street, C., Hirschberg, D.L, Hutchison, S.K. and Lipkin, W.I. (2011). Novel picornavirus in turkey poults with hepatitis, California, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17: 480-487.

Klein, P.N., Castro, A.E., Meteyer, C.U., Reynolds, B., Swartzman-Andert, J.A., Cooper, G., Chin, R.P. and Shivaprasad, H.L. (1991). Experimental transmission of turkey viral hepatitis to day-old poults and identification of associated viral particles resembling picornaviruses. Avian Diseases 35: 115-125.

Lau, S.K., Woo, P.C., Yip, C.C., Li, K.S., Fan, R.Y., Bai, R., Huang, Y., Chan, K.H. and Yuen, K.Y. (2014). Chickens host diverse picornaviruses originated from potential interspecies transmission with recombination. J. Gen. Virol. 95: 1929-1944.

Liao, Q., Zheng, L., Yuan, Y., Shi, J., Zhang, D. (2014). Genomic characterization of a novel picornavirus in Pekin ducks. Veterinary Microbiology 172: 78-91.
MacDonald, J.W., Randall, C.J., Dagless, M.D. and Gray, E.W. (1982). Picorna- like virus causing hepatitis and pancreatitis in turkeys. Vet. Rec. 111: 323.

Shivaprasad, H.L., Honkavuori, K.S., Briese, T. and Lipkin, W.I. (2010). A novel picornavirus associated with turkey viral hepatitis. Presented at the 147th American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Annual Convention, Atlanta, Georgia,  31 July to 3 August 2010.

Snoeyenbos, G.H., Bosch, H.I. and Sevoian, M. (1959). An infectious agent producing hepatitis in turkeys. Avian Diseases. 3: 377-388.

Tzianabos, T. and Snoeyenbos, G.H. (1965). Clinical. Immunological and serological observations on turkeys virus hepatitis. Avian Diseases 9: 578-591.