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  Genus: Cardiovirus

Species: Cardiovirus theileri (formerly Cardiovirus B)

Type: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)
5' UTR L VP4 VP2 VP3 VP1 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3C 3D 3' UTR

(White areas indicate genes which haven't yet been sequenced completely; grey areas are where only partial sequences exist)

Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)

TMEV GD VII (New York/37) 3C+3D+3' NCR 1924 M14703 Ozden et al., 1986  
CG 8105 M20562 Pevear et al., 1988  
CG 8101 X56019 Law et al., 1990  
TMEV DA (Boston/52) CG 8093 M20301 Ohara et al., 1988
CG 8120 JX443418 Sorgeloos et al., 2013  
TMEV Da3d-e CG 8094 KF680264 H.L. Lipton, unpub. derived from DA strain isolated in 1952;
synthetically generated under siRNA
pressure on the viral polymerase 3D
TMEV BeAn 8386 (Brazil/57) CG 8098 M16020 Pevear et al., 1987  
TMEV M2 (from BeAn 8386) L+P1 2766 AF030574 Kim et al., 1998 low-pathogenic M2 variant of strain BeAn 8386
TMEV S2 (variant of BeAn 8386) CG

8100

DQ401688

Myoung et al., 2007  
TMEV TO4 (New York/37) 5'NCR(p) 534 M80885 Pritchard et al., 1992b  
L+P1 2760 U33045 Michiels et al., 1995  
TMEV TO4 (B15) 5'NCR(p) 521 M80886 Pritchard et al., 1992b
CG 8100 EU718732 Liang et al., 2008  
TMEV FA (New York/37) 5'NCR(p) 532 M80883 Pritchard et al., 1992b  
L+P1 2766 U32924 Michiels et al., 1995  
TMEV TO Yale (1943) 5'NCR(p) 529 M80890 Pritchard et al., 1992b  
L+P1 2766 U33047 Michiels et al., 1995  
CG 8096 EU723238 Liang et al., 2008  
TMEV WW (Philadelphia/77) 5'NCR(p) 534 M80889 Pritchard et al., 1992b  
L+P1 2760 U33046 Michiels et al., 1995  
TMEV VL 5'NCR+L(p) 1100 M80887 Pritchard et al., 1992b  
TMEV ASK-1 P1 2649 U20288 Luo et al., unpublished  
TMEV ? 5'UTR(p) 58 S61105 Bandyopadhyay et al., 1993  
TMEV MHG* 5'NCR(p)+L(p)

521

M80884

Pritchard et al., 1992b  
TMEV Vie415HTR CG 8096 EU718733 Liang et al., 2008  
TMEV NIHE (Vietnam, 2007) CG 8102 HQ652539 Buckwalter et al., 2011  
TMEV SB (USA: 14-Nov-2011) L-2C 3996 JX185320 Grove et al., 2012 host: Mus musculus
TMEV SD (USA: 14-Nov-2011) L-2C 3996 JX185321 Grove et al., 2012 host: Mus musculus
TMEV Sikhote-Alin P113/Russia/1970 CG 7998 KJ191558 Alkhovsky et al., unpub. host: Ixodes persulcatus ticks
TMEV NYC/Manhattan/poolF4/2014 CG(p) 7986 MF416403 Williams et al., 2018 host: Mus musculus
             
* also known as rat encephalomyelitis virus.
CG = complete genome; (p) = partial gene sequence.

References

Alkhovsky, S.V., Shchetinin, A.M., Lvov, D.K. and Shchelkanov, M.Y., unpublished data.

Bandyopadhyay, P.K., Pritchard, A., Jensen, K. and Lipton, H.L. (1993). A three-nucleotide insertion in the H stem-loop of the 5' untranslated region of Theiler's virus attenuates neurovirulence. J. Virol. 67: 3691-3695.

Buckwalter, M.R., Nga, P.T., Gouilh, M.A., Fiette, L., Bureau, J.F., Laird, M.E., Buchrieser, J., Ozden, S., Cheval, J., Eloit, M., Manuguerra, J.C., Gessain, A., Brey, P.T., Fontanet, A. and Albert, M.L. (2011). Identification of a novel neuropathogenic Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. J. Virol. 85: 6893-6905.

Grove, T., Smith, P.C., Booth, C.J. and Compton, S.R. (2012). Are younger mice better bedding sentinels? An assessment of age susceptibility of Swiss Webster mice to MPV and other excluded murine pathogens. J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci., in press.

Kim, B.S., Yauch, R.L., Bahk, Y.Y., Kang, J.A., Dal Canto, M.C. and Hall, C.K. (1998). A spontaneous low-pathogenic variant of Theiler's virus contains an amino acid substitution within the predominant VP1(233-250) T-cell epitope. J. Virol. 72: 1020-1027. Erratum in: J. Virol 1998 72: 6965.

Law, K.M. and Brown, T.D.K. (1990). The complete nucleotide sequence of the GDVII strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Nucl. Acids Res. 18: 6707-6708.

Liang, Z., Manoj Kumar, A.S., Jones, M.S., Knowles, N.J. and Lipton, H.L. (2008). Phylogenetic analysis of the species Theilovirus: emerging murine and human pathogens. Journal of Virology 82: 11545–11554.

Luo, M., Pritchard, A.E. and Lipton, H. The structure of a highly virulent Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (GDVII strain) and implications for determinants of viral persistence. Unpublished. (Pritchard A. E., University Colorado Health Sciences Center, Biochemistry, Biophysics and Genetics, 4200 E. Ninth, Denver, CO 80262, USA)

Michiels, T., Jarousse, N. and Brahic, M. (1995). Analysis of the leader and capsid coding regions of persistent and neurovirulent strains of Theiler's virus. Virology 214: 550-558.

Myoung, J., Hou, W., Kang, B., Lyman, M.A., Kang, J.-A. and Kim, B.S. (2007). The immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope region of Theiler's virus in resistant C57BL/6 mice is critical for anti-viral immune responses, viral persistence, and binding to the host cells. Virology 360: 159-171.

Ohara, Y., Stein, S., Fu, J., Stillman, L., Klaman, L. and Roos, R.P. (1988). Molecular cloning and sequence determination of DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses. Virology 164: 245-255.

Ozden, S., Tangy, F., Chamorro, M. and Brahic, M. (1986). Theiler's virus genome is closely related to that of encephalomyocarditis virus, the prototype cardiovirus. J. Virol. 60: 1163-1165.

Pevear, D.C., Calenoff, M., Rozhon, E. and Lipton, H.L. (1987). Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the picornavirus Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus indicates that it is closely related to cardioviruses. J. Virol. 61: 1507-1516.

Pevear, D.C., Borkowski, J., Calenoff, M., Oh, C.K., Ostrowski, B. and Lipton, H.L. (1988). Insights into Theiler's virus neurovirulence based on a genomic comparison of the neurovirulent GDVII and less virulent BeAn strains. Virology 165: 1-12.

Pritchard, A.E., Strom, T., and Lipton, H.L. (1992a). Nucleotide sequence identifies vilyuisk virus as a divergent Theiler's virus. Virology 191: 469-472.

Pritchard, A.E., Calenoff, M.A., Simpson, S., Jensen, K., and Lipton, H.L. (1992b). A single base deletion in the 5' noncoding region of Theiler's virus attenuates neurovirulence. J. Virol. 66: 1951-1958.

Sorgeloos, F., Jha, B.K., Silverman, R.H. and Michiels, T. (2013). Evasion of antiviral innate immunity by Theiler's virus L* protein through direct inhibition of RNase L. PLoS Pathog. 9 (6), E1003474.

Willams, S.H., Che, X., Garcia, J.A., Klena, J.D., Lee, B., Muller, D., Ulrich, W., Corrigan, R.M., Nichol, S., Jain, K. and Lipkin, W.I. (2018). Viral Diversity of House Mice in New York City. MBio 9 (2), e01354-17.

 

 
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