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  Genus: Kobuvirus

Species: Aichivirus A

Type: aichivirus A2 (AiV-A2)
5' UTR L VP0 VP3 VP1 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3C 3D 3' UTR

(White areas indicate genes which haven't yet been sequenced completely; grey areas are where only partial sequences exist)

 
 
Virus Strain Region Length Accession no. Reference Comments

Aichivirus A2 (AiV-A2) aka canine kobuvirus 1 (CaKV-1)
AiV-A2 dog/AN211D/USA/2009 CG(p) 8155 JN387133 Li et al., 2011  
AiV-A2 dog/US-PC0082/USA/2010 CG(p) 8289 JN088541 Kapoor et al., 2011  
AiV-A2 sewage/Y12/2004/Japan VP3(p)-
3'end		 5434 AB861494 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 sewage/J28/2002/Japan VP1(p)+
3D(p)		 993 AB861495 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 sewage/Y23/2004/Japan VP1(p)+
3D(p)		 993 AB861496 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 sewage/F7/2001/Japan 3D(p) 588 AB861497 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 sewage/F11/2001/Japan 3D(p) 588 AB861498 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 sewage/F19/2001/Japan 3D(p) 588 AB861499 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 sewage/F39/2001/Japan 3D(p) 588 AB861500 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 sewage/Y19/2004/Japan 3D(p) 588 AB861501 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 sewage/Y41/2005/Japan 3D(p) 588 AB861502 Yamashita et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 dog/CKoV-009/USA/2009 VP1(p) 409 JN394546 Kapoor et al., 2011  
3D(p) 253 JN394542 Kapoor et al., 2011  
AiV-A2 dog/CKoV-083/USA/2009 VP1(p) 409 JN394547 Kapoor et al., 2011  
3D(p) 253 JN394543 Kapoor et al., 2011  
AiV-A2 dog/CKoV-084/USA/2009 3D(p) 253 JN394544 Kapoor et al., 2011  
VP1(p) 409 JN394548 Kapoor et al., 2011  
AiV-A2 dog/CKoV-086/USA/2009 VP1(p) 409 JN394549 Kapoor et al., 2011  
3D(p) 253 JN394545 Kapoor et al., 2011  
AiV-A2 dog/UK003/UK/2008 CG(p) 8213 KC161964 Carmona-Vicente et al., 2013  
AiV-A2 fox/8v/IT/2012 VP1 835 KF781163 Di Martino et al., 2014 Vulpes vulpes
3D(p) 218 KF781168 Di Martino et al., 2014  
AiV-A2 fox/14v/IT/2012 VP1 835 KF781164 Di Martino et al., 2014 Vulpes vulpes
3D(p) 218 KF781169 Di Martino et al., 2014  
AiV-A2 fox/18v/IT/2012 VP1 835 KF781165 Di Martino et al., 2014 Vulpes vulpes
3D(p) 218 KF781170 Di Martino et al., 2014  
AiV-A2 fox/26v/IT/2012 VP1 835 KF781166 Di Martino et al., 2014 Vulpes vulpes
3D(p) 218 KF781171 Di Martino et al., 2014  
AiV-A2 fox/29v/IT/2012 VP1 835 KF781167 Di Martino et al., 2014 Vulpes vulpes
3D(p) 218 KF781172 Di Martino et al., 2014  
AiV-A2 dog/12D049/KOR/2012 CG 8314 KF924623 Oem et al., 2014  
AiV-A2 dog/CH-1/China/2011 CG(p) 8216 JQ911763 Wang et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 dog/DD2/TAN CG(p) 8313 KM068048 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 side-striped jackal/82/TAN CG(p) 8313 KM068049 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 golden jackal/75/TAN CG(p) 8313 KM068050 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 Spotted hyena/B103/TAN CG(p) 8313 KM068051 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 dog/DD20/TAN 3D(p) 473 KM068052 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 dog/DD22/TAN 3D(p) 473 KM068053 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 dog/DD3/TAN 3D(p) 473 KM068054 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 side-striped jackal/83/TAN 3D(p) 473 KM068055 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 dog/DD22/TAN VP1 811 KM205027 Olarte-Castillo et al., 2015  
AiV-A2 dog/IRC01G02/Iran   447 KT290621 Aftab et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 dog/CE9_AUS_2012 CG(p) 8058 MH052678 Moreno et al., 2018  
AiV-A2 dog/CU_53/Thailand/2016 CG(p) 7698 MK201776 Charoenkul et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 dog/CU_101/Thailand/2016 CG(p) 7698 MK201777 Charoenkul et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 dog/CU_249/Thailand/2017 CG(p) 7698 MK201778 Charoenkul et al., unpub.
AiV-A2 dog/CU_716/Thailand/2018 CG(p) 7698 MK201779 Charoenkul et al., unpub.  
AiV-A2 dog/CYQ/China/2019 CG 8223 MN449341 Cui & Li, unpub.  
AiV-A2 fox/S272/16/Germany/2016 CG(p) 8312 MN337880 van Dyck et al., unpub. Vulpes vulpes
AiV-A2 fox/Vixey virus/AUS/2019 P3 2427 MT833877 Campbell et al., 2020 Vulpes vulpes
AiV-A2 dog/IND/2016 CG(p) 7975 MT610361 Agnihotri et al., unpub.  
             

Red fox fecal kobuvirus (RFFKV) (97% nt identity with AiV-A2)
RFFKV fox/S38/Spain/2013 3D(p) 506 KF823813 Bodewes et al., 2014 Vulpes vulpes
             
(p), partial, sequence not complete

  References

Bodewes, R., Ruiz-Gonzalez, A., Schapendonk, C.M., van den Brand, J.M., Osterhaus, A.D. and Smits, S.L. (2014). Viral metagenomic analysis of feces of wild small carnivores. Virol. J. 11: 89.

Campbell SJ, Ashley W, Gil-Fernandez M, Newsome TM, Di Giallonardo F, Ortiz-Baez AS, Mahar JE, Towerton AL, Gillings M, Holmes EC, Carthey AJR, Geoghegan JL. Red fox viromes in urban and rural landscapes. Virus Evol. 2020 Aug 25;6(2):veaa065. doi: 10.1093/ve/veaa065. PMID: 33365150; PMCID: PMC7744383.

Carmona-Vicente, N., Buesa, J., Brown, P.A., Merga, J.Y., Darby, A.C., Stavisky, J., Sadler, L., Gaskell, R.M., Dawson, S. and Radford, A.D. (2013). Phylogeny and prevalence of kobuviruses in dogs and cats in the UK. Vet Microbiol. 164: 246-252.

Di Martino, B., Di Profio, F., Melegari, I., Robetto, S., Di Felice, E., Orusa,R. and Marsilio,F. (2014). Molecular evidence of kobuviruses in free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Arch. Virol. 159: 1803-1806.

Kapoor, A., Simmonds, P., Dubovi, E.J., Qaisar, N., Henriquez, J.A., Medina, J., Shields, S. and Lipkin, W.I. (2011). Characterization of a canine homolog of human Aichivirus. J. Virol. 85: 11520-11525. 2011 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print].

Li, L., Pesavento, P.A., Shan, T., Leutenegger, C.M., Wang, C. and Delwart, E. (2011). Viruses in diarrhetic dogs include novel kobuviruses and sapoviruses. Journal of General Virology 92:2534-2541.

Moreno PS, Wagner J, Kirkwood CD, Gilkerson JR, Mansfield CS. Characterization of the fecal virome in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Vet Microbiol. 2018 Jul;221:38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.020. Epub 2018 May 30. PubMed PMID: 29981706.

 Oem, J.K., Choi, J.W., Lee, M.H., Lee, K.K. and Choi, K.S. (2014). Canine kobuvirus infections in Korean dogs. Arch Virol. 159: 2751-2755.

 Olarte-Castillo, X.A., Heeger, F., Mazzoni, C.J., Greenwood, A.D., Fyumagwa, R., Moehlman, P.D., Hofer, H. and East, M.L. (2015). Molecular characterization of canine kobuvirus in wild carnivores and the domestic dog in Africa. Virology 477C: 89-97.

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