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Welcome to the home of Picornaviruses
hosted by The Pirbright Institute

The family Picornaviridae currently consists of 158 species grouped into 68 genera (as of March 2022). Sixty-six of the genera are grouped into five subfamilies.

Aalivirus [1] Ailurivirus [1] Ampivirus [1] Anativirus [2] Aphthovirus [4]
Aquamavirus [1] Avihepatovirus [1] Avisivirus [3] Boosepivirus [3] Bopivirus [1]
Caecilivirus [1] Cardiovirus [6] Cosavirus [5] Crahelivirus [1] Crohivirus [2]
Danipivirus [1] Dicipivirus [2] Diresapivirus [2] Enterovirus [15] Erbovirus [1]
Felipivirus [1] Fipivirus [6] Gallivirus [1] Gruhelivirus [1] Grusopivirus [3]
Harkavirus [1] Hemipivirus [1] Hepatovirus [9] Hunnivirus [1] Kobuvirus [6]
Kunsagivirus [3] Limnipivirus [4] Livupivirus [1] Ludopivirus [1] Malagasivirus [2]
Marsupivirus [1] Megrivirus [5] Mischivirus [5] Mosavirus [2] Mupivirus [1]
Myrropivirus [1] Orivirus [1] Oscivirus [1] Parabovirus [3] Parechovirus [6]
Pasivirus [1] Passerivirus [2] Pemapivirus [2] Poecivirus [1] Potamipivirus [2]
Pygoscepivirus [1] Rabovirus [4] Rafivirus [3] Rajidapivirus [1] Rohelivirus [1]
Rosavirus [3] Sakobuvirus [1] Salivirus [1] Sapelovirus [2] Senecavirus [1]
Shanbavirus [1] Sicinivirus [1] Symapivirus [1] Teschovirus [2] Torchivirus [1]
Tottorivirus [1] Tremovirus [2] Tropivirus [2]    
the number of species in each genus are shown between the square brackets

The Picornaviridae pages have been updated to reflect the new taxonomy approved by the ICTV in March 2017 (Adams et al., 2017), February 2018 (King et al., 2018), February 2019 (Walker et al., 2019), March 2020 (Walker et al., 2020) and March 2021 (Walker et al., 2021). Thus the taxonomy is based on the ICTV 10th Report Chapter - Picornaviridae (Zell et al., 2017) and the most recent ICTV Master Species List.

Full Classification of Picornaviruses:

Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Picornavirales
Family: Picornaviridae

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Executive Committee. The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks. Nat Microbiol. 2020 May;5(5):668-674. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32341570; PMCID: PMC7186216.

 An important note on names and orthography:

  • ICTV approved genera and species names are shown in italics, e.g. Hunnivirus A (except in menus and page titles because of technical difficulties).

  • Proposed (i.e. a proposal has been submitted to the ICTV) genera and species names are enclosed within double quotation marks, e.g. "Acmevirus A".

  • Candidate genera and species names are enclosed within single quotation marks, e.g. 'Acmevirus B'.

Alphabetical list of picornaviruses

New picornaviruses

References

Adams, M.J., Lefkowitz, E.J., King, A.M.Q., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A.M., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Mushegian, A.R., Nibert, M., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfaçon, H., Siddell, S.G., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, FM., Gorbalenya, A.E., Davison, A.J. (2017). Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2017). Arch Virol. 2017 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s00705-017-3358-5. [Epub ahead of print]

King, A.M.Q., Lefkowitz, E.J., Mushegian, A.R., Adams, M.J., Dutilh, B.E., Gorbalenya, A.E., Harrach, B., Harrison, R.L., Junglen, S., Knowles, N.J., Kropinski, A.M., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J.H., Nibert, M.L., Rubino, L., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfaçon, H., Siddell, S.G., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, F.M., Davison, A.J. (2018). Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018). Arch Virol. 2018 May 12. doi: 10.1007/s00705-018-3847-1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29754305.

Walker PJ, Siddell SG, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Dempsey DM, Dutilh BE, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Hendrickson RC, Junglen S, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Nibert M, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Davison AJ. (2019). Changes to virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019). Arch Virol. 2019 Jun 12. doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04306-w. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31187277.

Walker PJ, Siddell SG, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adriaenssens EM, Dempsey DM, Dutilh BE, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Hendrickson RC, Junglen S, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Nibert M, Orton RJ, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Simmonds P, Smith DB, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Davison AJ. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020). Arch Virol. 2020 Nov;165(11):2737-2748. doi: 10.1007/s00705-020-04752-x. PMID: 32816125.

Walker PJ, Siddell SG, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adriaenssens EM, Alfenas-Zerbini P, Davison AJ, Dempsey DM, Dutilh BE, García ML, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Hendrickson RC, Junglen S, Knowles NJ, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Lambert AJ, Łobocka M, Nibert ML, Oksanen HM, Orton RJ, Robertson DL, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Simmonds P, Smith DB, Suzuki N, Van Dooerslaer K, Vandamme AM, Varsani A, Zerbini FM. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021). Arch Virol. 2021 Sep;166(9):2633-2648. doi: 10.1007/s00705-021-05156-1. PMID: 34231026.

Zell, R., Delwart, E., Gorbalenya, A.E., Hovi, T., King, A.M.Q., Knowles, N.J., Lindberg, A.M., Pallansch, M.A., Palmenberg, A.C., Reuter, G., Simmonds, P., Skern, T., Stanway, G., Yamashita, T. and ICTV Report Consortium. (2017). ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Picornaviridae. J. Gen. Virol. 2017 Sep 8. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000911. [Epub ahead of print]

Interesting reading...
Wang, X., Ren, J., Gao, Q., Hu, Z., Sun, Y., Li, X., Rowlands, D.J., Yin, W., Wang, J., Stuart, D.I., Rao, Z. and Fry, E.E. (2014). Hepatitis A virus and the origins of picornaviruses. Nature 2014 Oct 19. doi: 10.1038/nature13806. [Epub ahead of print]. PubMed PMID: 25327248.

Koonin, E.V., Wolf, Y.I., Nagasaki, K. and Dolja, V.V. (2008). The Big Bang of picorna-like virus evolution antedates the radiation of eukaryotic supergroups. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6: 925-939. PMID: 18997823. doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2030. Epub 2008 Nov 10.
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